2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

Our first post-pandemic forum with research updates

Vitacress Conservation Trust 2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum – 25 November

The annual Vitacress Conservation Trust (VCT) Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum took place on 25 November at Sparsholt College, Winchester, attracting 120 attendees with an interest in the health of the UK’s important chalk streams.

We were extremely fortunate to have Charles Rangeley-Wilson, broadcaster, filmmaker, author and journalist, Chair the event, particularly on the day that the CaBA Chalk Stream Restoration Strategy was published, giving Charles the opportunity to outline its content and answer questions.  This Plan will be used to drive progress by government and regulators, water companies, landowners, NGOs and river associations right down to the grass roots level of individuals who are passionate about their local river.

Kate Heppell, a Professor of Physical Geography specialising in water quality and hydrology and currently seconded from School of Geography in Queen Mary University of London to the Chilterns Chalk Streams Project gave a presentation on her work entitled “Tracking Water Quality—” A Co-designed Online Observatory for the River Chess”.

Kate’s research is focused on the transport and transformation of contaminants and pollutants as they move through lowland river catchments and undergo exchanges at the interface of land, water and atmosphere.

Kate Heppell
Martin de Retuerto

The other guest speaker was Martin de Retuerto, Strategic & Operational Director for Hampshire & Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust, supporting delivery of their Wilder 2030 strategy and striving to tip the balance in favour of nature’s recovery.

Building upon experience in project management of large, capital habitat restoration schemes and themes covering chalkstreams, river and floodplain restoration and freshwater systems, Martin’s focus includes the strategic development of programmes around expansion of the nature recovery network, protection of the nature reserve estate, rewilding, species reintroductions and nature based solutions.

Graham Roberts, Chair of the Upper Itchen Initiative reported on the numerous issues this group has been involved with since the last Forum, including ongoing concerns regarding sewage, abstraction and phosphorus levels. He also updated on the Riverfly Monitoring initiative, White-clawed Crayfish Conservation and the Southern Chalkstreams and Watercress & Winterbournes projects.

Finally, PhD students outlined their research progress in pre-recorded films:

  • Jen Ball (University of Southampton), one of the Vitacress Conservation Trust sponsored PhD researchers, gave a short update on her work “Ecosystem Services in Chalk Streams”. As part of her research Jen also led a workshop after the Forum which about 25 of the Forum delegates volunteered to attend. The workshop built on some of Jen’s previous research on drivers of change for chalk streams, with Jen leading a process to look at aspirations for the Test and Itchen, working through how these might be realised.
  • Another VCT part sponsored PhD researcher, Kieran Gething, Nottingham Trent University outlined his work which is focussed on recognising and protecting the aquatic-terrestrial biodiversity of dynamic river ecosystems.
  • Lauren Hibbert, a Vitacress sponsored PhD student studying molecular breeding of watercress at the University of Southampton and the University of California, Davis presented her project entitled “Developing watercress with improved phosphate use efficiency”.
Graham Roberts

Forum presentations available for download:

Chalk Stream Restoration
Charles Rangeley-Wilson – National Chalk Stream Restoration Group Chair

Tracking Water Quality – “A Co-designed Online Observatory for the River Chess”
Kate Heppell – Queen Mary University of London

Wilder Catchments – Shifting Status Quos
Martin de Retuerto – Hampshire & Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust

The Upper Itchen Initiative Update
Graham Roberts – UII Group Chair

PhD Updates:
Using the Ecosystem Services Concept to Improve Understanding and Management of Chalk Streams
Jen Ball – University of Southampton

Recognising and Protecting Aquatic-Terrestrial Biodiversity of Dynamic River Ecosystems
Kieran Gething – Nottingham Trent University

Developing Watercress with Improved Phosphate Efficiency
Lauren Hibbert – UC Davis

Previous Forums…

2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

Our first post-pandemic forum with research updates Vitacress Conservation Trust 2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum - 25 November The annual Vitacress Conservation Trust (VCT) Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum took place on 25 November at Sparsholt College, Winchester,...

read more
2018 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

2018 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

Managing and preserving Hampshire’s ecologically important chalk streams Vitacress Conservation Trust 2018 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum - 23 November The importance of managing and preserving Hampshire’s ecologically important chalk streams was discussed at the 12th...

read more
2017 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

2017 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

Progress on sponsored PhD research projects Vitacress Conservation Trust 2017 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum - 24 November We were delighted that Merrick Denton-Thompson kindly agreed to Chair our 2017 Forum. Our first guest speaker, David Sears (University of...

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Stoke Mill Water Meadows

Stoke Mill Water Meadows

Restoration work – 25 April 2022 as recorded by Martin Burton

The owner of the Itchen Stoke Mill at Ovington has kept his water meadows operating for the last 50 years. Water is taken from the River Itchen and spread across the meadows via a network of channels located on ridges in the meadow. Irrigating the water meadows in this way serves to increase the rate of growth of the grass, especially during the winter periods when the relatively warm river water (around 100C) keeps the grass growing. When used as a central part of riverside farming before WW2 the farmers could put cattle and sheep on the pasture four-six weeks earlier than on non-meadow pasture.

Itchen Stoke Mill

Itchen Stoke Mill

River Itchen at Ovington

River Itchen at Ovington

Traditional gated intake from the river

Traditional gated intake from the river

The water enters the water meadows via a gated intake on the river (called a hatch in local terminology). This gate is opened and closed by inserting a steel rod into a metal plate on the gate and levering it up or down.

The water is carried to the meadows via open channels, some of which are in a reasonable condition and others which need repair. The main issues are damage to the channel banks by cattle and gradual erosion of the banks and filling of the channel, thus reducing the carrying capacity.

The bank repair material is either imported chalk which compacts down very well or material excavated from the bed of the channel.

Main channel from the intake, in good condition

Main channel from the intake, in good condition

Lower section of the main channel needing excavation and raising of the banks.

Lower section of the main channel needing excavation and raising of the banks

Previously (before 1940) the meadows were operated and maintained by a full-time labourer (termed a ditcher).

Nowadays it is not economic to have someone working full-time on the meadows so the owner requests the assistance of the Hampshire Conservation Volunteers (HCV) who spend two-three weekends each year helping with maintenance. The HCV team usually comprises some 10-12 volunteers. The work involves digging out the channels, raising and repairing the channel banks, compacting the embankment fill, and repairing the gates and control structures.

In some cases, the channel has been badly damaged and has breached when filled with water.  This takes a lot more effort to repair!

Chalk fill material for the channel banks

Chalk fill material for the channel banks

Chalk fill material placed on the main channel embankment ready for compaction

Chalk fill material placed on the main channel embankment ready for compaction

Breached main channel, on both sides, about halfway along its length

Breached main channel, on both sides, about halfway along its length

There are offtake points along the main channel where water is diverted to the meadows. Here the water runs along a ridge and flows either side down to the drains which carry the water back to the river. This can look a bit messy if the channel on the ridge has not been correctly formed to give an even flow either side of the channel. 

Sometimes the drains become waterlogged which leads to the growth of water iris which impede the flow even more. Cutting a channel through the iris speeds up the flow and drains the waterlogged area.

Turnout from the main channel into a side channel - the wooden posts and planks are used to make a diversion structure

Turnout from the main channel into a side channel – the wooden posts and planks are used to make a diversion structure

Flooding of a meadow with the water on the ridge flowing either side to irrigate the grass

Flooding of a meadow with the water on the ridge flowing either side to irrigate the grass

Before - Drain obstructed by water iris

Before – drain obstructed by water iris

After – cleared pathway through the water iris allowing water to flow freely

After – cleared pathway through the water iris allowing water to flow freely

Further Updates…

2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

Our first post-pandemic forum with research updates Vitacress Conservation Trust 2022 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum - 25 November The annual Vitacress Conservation Trust (VCT) Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum took place on 25 November at Sparsholt College, Winchester,...

read more
Stoke Mill Water Meadows

Stoke Mill Water Meadows

Restoration work - 25 April 2022 as recorded by Martin Burton The owner of the Itchen Stoke Mill at Ovington has kept his water meadows operating for the last 50 years. Water is taken from the River Itchen and spread across the meadows via a network of channels...

read more
2018 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

2018 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum

Managing and preserving Hampshire’s ecologically important chalk streams Vitacress Conservation Trust 2018 Chalk Stream Headwaters Forum - 23 November The importance of managing and preserving Hampshire’s ecologically important chalk streams was discussed at the 12th...

read more
VCT Dissertation Award 2022

VCT Dissertation Award 2022

The 2022 Dissertation Award was given to Victor Hyde who obtained a 1st in his BSc (Hons) Environmental Science degree at Bournemouth University.
VCT Dissertation Award 2022

Victor’s dissertation was entitled “An analysis and review of the monitoring and assessment of macronutrient pollution in English Rivers. Case study: The Lower Hampshire Avon.”

Victor’s dissertation focused on nutrient pollution of rivers and concentrated on the Hampshire Avon chalk river. He addressed a fundamental research gap in this field, examining the state of nutrient pollution monitoring and assessment in English rivers.

Previous awards…

VCT Conservation Award 2022

VCT Conservation Award 2022

The VCT Conservation Award 2022 was awarded to Wessex Rivers Trust & Wild Trout Trust, for their Upper River Test River Restoration Project.The Wessex Rivers Trust and Wild Trout Trust were jointly recognised for a project aimed at significantly improving habitat...

read more
VCT Conservation Award 2021

VCT Conservation Award 2021

We were delighted to award Dennis Bright the VCT Conservation Award 2021, for his work in Barn Owl Conservation.Dennis Bright has always had a real interest in birds and nearly 30 years ago, when moving to Hampshire, he followed his life-long passion by volunteering...

read more
VCT Conservation Award 2019

VCT Conservation Award 2019

Angus Menzies was the proud winner of the 2019 VCT Conservation Award in recognition of his services to fresh water ecology, particularly through the  Riverfly Monitoring Initiative.Previous awards...

read more

VCT Conservation Award 2022

VCT Conservation Award 2022

The VCT Conservation Award 2022 was awarded to Wessex Rivers Trust & Wild Trout Trust, for their Upper River Test River Restoration Project.
Mike Blackmore, Nick Lawrence, Gail Taylor, Lady Wakeham

The Wessex Rivers Trust and Wild Trout Trust were jointly recognised for a project aimed at significantly improving habitat of a stretch of the river through a fishery on the River Test, which had significant deposition of fine sediment and limited submerged weed growth.

The Wild Trout Trust designed and proposed the restoration project aimed at improving conditions suitable for water crowfoot and other submerged macrophytes, marginal wetland plants and freshwater invertebrates, whilst also improving fish passage and habitat for all life-stages of wild trout and grayling.

Previous awards…

VCT Conservation Award 2022

VCT Conservation Award 2022

The VCT Conservation Award 2022 was awarded to Wessex Rivers Trust & Wild Trout Trust, for their Upper River Test River Restoration Project.The Wessex Rivers Trust and Wild Trout Trust were jointly recognised for a project aimed at significantly improving habitat...

read more
VCT Conservation Award 2021

VCT Conservation Award 2021

We were delighted to award Dennis Bright the VCT Conservation Award 2021, for his work in Barn Owl Conservation.Dennis Bright has always had a real interest in birds and nearly 30 years ago, when moving to Hampshire, he followed his life-long passion by volunteering...

read more
VCT Conservation Award 2019

VCT Conservation Award 2019

Angus Menzies was the proud winner of the 2019 VCT Conservation Award in recognition of his services to fresh water ecology, particularly through the  Riverfly Monitoring Initiative.Previous awards...

read more

VCT Conservation Award 2021

VCT Conservation Award 2021

We were delighted to award Dennis Bright the VCT Conservation Award 2021, for his work in Barn Owl Conservation.
Dennis Bright

Dennis Bright has always had a real interest in birds and nearly 30 years ago, when moving to Hampshire, he followed his life-long passion by volunteering for both the Wildlife Trust and Hampshire Ornithological Society. He is a first class self-taught photographer and his pictures of wildlife, in particular birds, can be found in many publications.

Under his own volition Dennis set up a “Barn Owl Recovery Project” focused within the Test and Itchen river catchments. With some small grants from the Environment Agency and help of friends he has successfully built and put up over 100 barn owl boxes to provide safe breeding opportunities for this rapidly declining bird. Dennis has built many long standing relationships with the respective farmers and landowners where these boxes are placed. This has been a great success in halting the decline of these enigmatic birds.

Recently, Dennis produced a wonderful book illustrating much of his work which contains many stunning images of this elusive and shy bird.

Previous awards…

VCT Conservation Award 2022

VCT Conservation Award 2022

The VCT Conservation Award 2022 was awarded to Wessex Rivers Trust & Wild Trout Trust, for their Upper River Test River Restoration Project.The Wessex Rivers Trust and Wild Trout Trust were jointly recognised for a project aimed at significantly improving habitat...

read more
VCT Conservation Award 2021

VCT Conservation Award 2021

We were delighted to award Dennis Bright the VCT Conservation Award 2021, for his work in Barn Owl Conservation.Dennis Bright has always had a real interest in birds and nearly 30 years ago, when moving to Hampshire, he followed his life-long passion by volunteering...

read more
VCT Conservation Award 2019

VCT Conservation Award 2019

Angus Menzies was the proud winner of the 2019 VCT Conservation Award in recognition of his services to fresh water ecology, particularly through the  Riverfly Monitoring Initiative.Previous awards...

read more